Units 5 - Absolute Rulers and European Enlightenment

This unit examines how nations turned to absolute monarchies in Spain, France, and Russia.  It also shows how the English Parliament resisted the formation of an absolute monarchy in the 17th century. Lastly, the unit will show how the European Enlightenment challenged the philosophy of absolutism.
Unit 5 Calendar

Monday, October 29:
  • Main Focus: Introduce the Age of Absolute Rulers Unit
  • Hand out: Unit 5 Absolute Monarchs Unit Overview Sheet
  • Introduction to Spanish Absolutism: Notes on Charles I and Philip II
  • Reading: Chapter 4.1 (142-146) "Spanish Absolutism" Take notes. Pay close attention to the terms in column one of the unit overview sheet and essential questions 1-2. 

Tuesday, October 30:
  • Main Focus: Spanish Absolutism
  • Introduction: Elizabeth I's Spanish Armada Portrait.
  • Discuss Assigned Reading (Chapter 4.1): Philip II, Battle of Lepanto, Sir Francis Drake, Elizabeth I, Treaty of Nonsuch, Babington Plot, "Protestant Winds", Spanish Armada. p. 142-146
  • Jigsaw: Queen Elizabeth I's Speech to the Troops at Tilbury and Queen Elizabeth I's Spy Network.
  • Homework: Joannie Fischer, “Cardinal Knowledge: A Network of Spies …” U.S. News & Report, Feb. 2003. p. 51.  Annotate and margin notes. Who was Cardinal Richelieu? How did he strengthen the French Monarchy? Due 10/31
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Wednesday, October 31
  • Main Focus: French Absolutism
  • Notes: Introduction to King Henry of Navarre and the French Wars of Religion. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and Edict of Nantes.
  • Discussion of homework: Joannie Fischer, “Cardinal Knowledge: A Network of Spies …” U.S. News & Report, Feb. 2003. p. 51. 
  • Read and Discuss: Richelieu, “Political Will and Testament.” p. 202-03 .  

Thursday, November 1:  (No School Nov 2nd)
  • Main Focus: French Absolutism
  • Notes: Introduction to King Louis XIV - Basic timeline of his reign. See also...p. 148-152. "Absolutism in France" Answer the terms: La Fronde, Louis XIV, Beninge Bossuet, "I am the State.", Cardinal Mazarin, Versailles, Jean-Baptiste Colbert. Essential Question: #4
  • Examine "A Day in the Life of the Sun King." Create a comic strip depicting the day to day schedule of Louis XIV Due Monday, November 5th.
  • Homework: Primary Source Evaluations of Louis XIV Worksheet. Due Monday, November 5th. 
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Monday, November 5:
  • Main Focus: Evaluate the French form of Absolutism and Introduce English Absolutism
  • Share Comics and discuss the Primary Source Evaluations of Louis XIV Worksheet. 
  • Notes: James I of England
  • Read and discuss:  James I, "The Powers of the Monarch in England." p. 203 Who was James I? How does James justify the powers of the monarch?  What is the strength of his argument?  How do you think Parliament would respond to this speech?

Tuesday, November 6:
  • Main Focus: English Absolutism to Parliament
  • Introduce Thomas Hobbes: Picture Analysis on page 207-208 (Sherman)
  • Notes: Charles I through James II See p154-160. "English Absolutism" Charles I, English Civil War and the Restoration. Essential Question #5
  • Homework: Read and take notes on  English Bill of Rights. p. 162 (Ellis Book)

Wednesday, November 7:
  • Main Focus: The Glorious Revolution
  • Review: James II and the Glorious Revolution
  • Discuss: English Bill of Rights. p. 162 (Ellis Book)
  • Read and Take notes: "Peter the Great" Answer the terms in columns 3 and 4 on the unit overview guide. Answer essential question #5. Due 11/29

Thursday, November 8:
  • Main Focus: Peter the Great and Russian Absolutism
  • Introduction: Peter the Great, Russian Absolutism with short video.
  • Discussion of Assigned Reading:  p. 168-173 "Peter the Great" Answer the terms in columns 3 and 4 on the unit overview guide. Answer essential question #5. Due 11/29
  • Jigsaw: (1) “Peter’s Table of Ranks.” Russian Life. P. 21-22. (Hand out) (2) Feofan Prokopovich, “The Great Czar.” P. 118-120. (Hand Out). Use the study guide to frame your notes

Friday, November 9:
  • Main Focus: Introduction to the Enlightenment
  • Monty Python's "Dennis the Peasant." 
  • Notes: Origins of the Enlightenment / Enlightenment Defined.
  • Read and Discuss: Immanuel Kant, “What is Enlightenment?” p. 40 (Sherman)
  • Jigsaw: "The Philosophes" p. 184-186 (World History Textbook): Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, Wollstonecraft, Adam Smith. 
  • Assignment: Work on your Unit Overview Guide, Due 11/16

Monday, November 12: Veterans Day Observance
  • Main Focus: Enlightenment Thinkers - Main Ideas
  • Matching: Read and answer questions from Enlightenment Quotes from Selected Authors  
  • Assignment: Read p. 183 "Hobbes and Locke Have Conflicting Views" Due Tuesday, Nov 13th.

Tuesday, November 13:  
  • Main Focus: Compare the beliefs of Hobbes and Locke
  • Read and Discuss: John Locke's "Two Treatise of Government" In Ellis and Esler. World History: The Modern Era. (p. 187) Compare with Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan.
  • Notes: How did Enlightenment Ideas Spread." See also Chapter 5.2 (World History Textbook) "Enlightenment Ideas Spread." p. 188-193.

Wednesday, November 14 - Thursday, November 15:
Main Focus: The Enlightened Despots 
Review: What were the main ideas expressed by the Enlightenment about the role of government, society and natural rights?
Read and Discuss: Frederick II, "Excerpt from the Forms of Government" AND Joseph II (Green Sherman Textbook)

Friday, November 16:
- Test on Unit 5: Absolutism and Enlightenment
- Terms definitions, Multiple Choice and Short Answer Sections
50 points

Unit 5 Resources:

KEY NOTES:
HAND OUTS:
READINGS:
  • Ellis and Esler. World History: The Modern Era. Chapter 4 (Pages 140-174.); Chapter 5 (Pages 180-204)
  • Morris, Holly J. “Be Afraid, Very Afraid.” US News & World Report. Jan. 27-Feb 3. 2003. p. 50.
  • Elizabeth I. “Speech to the Troops at Tilbury.” 11 Nov. 2008.
  • “Henry IV Recognizes Huguenot Religious Freedom - Edict of Nantes, 1598.” P. 397 (Kagan)
  • James I, “The Powers of the Monarch in England.” p. 203 (Sherman)
  • Thomas Hobbes, “Leviathan: Political Order and Political Theory.” p. 207-08 (Sherman)
  • The 1689 Bill of Rights – England in Ellis and Esler. World History: The Modern Era. p. 162
  • Richelieu, “Political Will and Testament.” p. 202-03 (Sherman)
  • Saint-Simon, “Memoires: The Aristocracy Undermined in France.” p. 217. (Sherman)
  • “Rigaud’s Louis XIV: The State Portrait” p. 434-435 (Kagan Text)
  • “Peter’s Table of Ranks.” Russian Life. P. 21-22. (Hand out)
  • Immanuel Kant, “What is Enlightenment?” p. 40 (Sherman)
  • John Locke, “Two Treatise of Government.”  In Ellis and Esler. World History: The Modern Era. (p. 187)

VIDEO RESOURCES:
  • Days that Changed the World: The Spanish Armada-BBC Documentary Clip (12 min)

Ch 4.1 (142-146)
Absolutism
Divine Right of Kings
 Philip II of Spain
Elizabeth I
Battle of Lepanto
Sir Francis Drake
Treaty of Nonsuch
Babington Plot
“Protestant Winds”
Spanish Armada
Siglo de Oro
Miguel Cervantes
El Greco

Ch 4.2 (148-152)
Huguenots
Henry IV (Henry of Navarre)
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
Edict of Nantes
Cardinal Richelieu
La Fronde
Louis XIV
Beninge Bossuet
“I am the State.”
Cardinal Mazarin
Versailles
Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Ch 4.3 (154-160)
James I
Charles I
Oliver Cromwell
New Model Army
Petition of Right
Roundheads
Cavaliers
English Civil War
Thomas Hobbes
Charles II & James II
William III and Mary II
Glorious Revolution
English Bill of Rights
  
Ch 4.5 (168-173)
Peter the Great
St. Petersburg
Table of Ranks 

Chapter 5 (Pages 180-204
Philosophe
Natural Law
Immanuel Kant
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Natural Rights
Social Contract
Denis Diderot
Voltaire
Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Astell
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Baron de Montesquieu
Cesare Beccaria
Adam Smith
Laissez-Faire
Encyclopedia
Salons
Enlightened Despots
Frederick II – The Great
Catherine the Great
Joseph II
George III
Stamp Act
George Washington
Popular Sovereignty
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Paine
James Madison
Benjamin Franklin



ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
  1. How did Philip II extend Spain’s power and help establish a golden age? What contributed to the decline of Spain as a world power?
  2. How is the struggle between Spain and England during the 16th century tied to religion?
  3. How does Cardinal Richelieu strengthen the monarchy of France? What advice does he give rulers? How does his ideas compare to Machiavelli?
  4. Why is Louis XIV considered by many historians to be the model absolute ruler of the seventeenth century?  List the ways Louis consolidated and grew the power his monarchy? Which way was most effective? What policies had unintended consequences that weakened France?
  5. List the causes, participants, and outcome of the English Civil War.
  6. How and why did Russia emerge as a great power?
  7. What is the Enlightenment? How did the ideas of the Enlightenment spread?
  8. Based on the ideas of the thinkers, what are the natural rights of the people? Whose role is it to secure those rights? What is the role of government?
  9. What were the attitudes of philosophes toward women? What role did women play in the Enlightenment?
  10. Describe how beliefs about people and government during the Enlightenment are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights.

Seminar: Williams, Patrick. "The 'Chief Business': The Spanish Armada, 1588." History Review (2009): 8-13. World History In Context. Web. 7 Sept. 2013. (1) Highlight the powerful statements and ideas. (2) Outline Wooding's article as your notes---organize using the "Issues to Debate" questions at the end of the reading. (3) Form Questions and Connections?